"Jumla District, located in the Karnali Province of western Nepal, is marked by high rates of poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition, with 80% of the population relying on smallholder agriculture."
"The study villages, comprising clusters of 100-400 households, are surrounded by arable fields and orchards, with over 50 crops grown, including many that depend on pollinators."
"Eligible households for the study were those with permanent residents who spent at least 10 months in the village, ensuring a diverse representation of dietary practices."
Fieldwork was conducted in ten smallholder farming villages in Jumla District, Nepal, characterized by high poverty and food insecurity. The population relies on small family-run farms for income and nutrition, depending on local ecosystem services. Each village consists of 100-400 households with vegetable gardens and livestock. More than 50 crops are cultivated, including pollinator-dependent species. Households eligible for the study included permanent residents with diverse respondent categories, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of dietary practices within these communities.
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