Japan's latest defense white paper categorizes China as the greatest strategic challenge, citing its military assertiveness and expanding operational range. The report states that international society faces unprecedented challenges since World War II due to intensified military activities from China, raising concerns regarding Japan's security. It also notes North Korea's growing military capabilities and its alliance with Russia, emphasizing their joint military collaborations. The increasing confrontations between Chinese and Japanese forces illustrate a changing security landscape that has prompted Japan to voice its concerns more explicitly.
The Japanese government called out China as posing "an unprecedented and the greatest strategic challenge" for Tokyo and its allies, using a notably sharper language than usual in its latest defense white paper.
According to the 2025 paper, Beijing is expanding the areas in which it operates and becoming increasingly assertive. International society is in a new crisis era and faces the biggest challenges since the end of World War II.
Vladimir Putin's landmark visit to North Korea last year ushered in a new era of trade and military ties between Moscow and Pyongyang... Russia has also been observed engaging in joint activities with China involving aircraft and vessels.
There has been a lot more activity involving China, North Korea and Russia so it is no surprise that Japan is expressing its concerns more explicitly... The security environment was "constantly changing."
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