"Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), which are manufactured without anode active material, offer great potential for high-energy-density, low-cost energy storage. However, AFLMBs face a long-standing challenge of short lifespan due to the harsh conditions of lacking excess Li-resource and an anode host. This issue is associated with uneven Li deposition/dissolution, rooted in the micro-heterogeneity and mechanical fragility of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)."
"The electrolyte triggers crossover-coupled interfacial reactions that generate a BF-based polymer-rich SEI at the anode while suppressing gas evolution at the cathode. The resulting SEI exhibits sub-nanometer homogeneity, high flexibility, and rapid Li-ion transport, and it spontaneously develops a self-adaptive mesh-film structure that ensures uniform ion flux and large-volume-change accommodation, thereby realizing reversible planar Li deposition/dissolution of 5.6 mAh cm⁻²."
"A 2.7 Ah AFLMB (508 Wh kg⁻¹, 1668 Wh L⁻¹) without any host-material coating demonstrates stable cycling for 100 cycles at 100% depth of discharge (DoD) and 250 cycles at 80% DoD, with 80% capacity retention and a high-power output of 2650 W kg⁻¹ at 96 Wh kg⁻¹."
Anode-free lithium metal batteries eliminate anode active material to achieve high energy density and low cost, but suffer from short lifespan due to uneven lithium deposition and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) instability. A crossover-coupled electrolyte addresses this by triggering interfacial reactions that create a boron-fluoride polymer-rich SEI with sub-nanometer homogeneity and high flexibility. The SEI develops a self-adaptive mesh-film structure enabling uniform ion flux and accommodation of large volume changes, achieving reversible planar lithium deposition of 5.6 mAh/cm². A 2.7 Ah battery demonstrates 508 Wh/kg energy density with stable cycling for 100 cycles at full discharge and 250 cycles at 80% discharge depth, maintaining 80% capacity retention and delivering 2650 W/kg power output.
#anode-free-lithium-metal-batteries #solid-electrolyte-interphase-sei #crossover-coupled-electrolyte #high-energy-density-storage #lithium-deposition
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