"The Potsdam Conference, held from 17 July to 2 August 1945 in Potsdam in eastern Germany, decided how the Allies would deal with a defeated Germany and how they could best conduct the ongoing campaign against Japan as the Second World War (1939-45) drew to a close. With victory in Europe achieved, US President Harry S. Truman, UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and then his successor, Clement Attlee, and the Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin issued a surrender ultimatum to Japan, known as the Potsdam Declaration."
"Germany and Austria, in contrast, were to be divided into four zones of occupation (US, French, British, and Russian) with a joint military government established in each, the Allied Control Council in Germany and the Inter-Allied Council in Austria. Berlin and Vienna were similarly divided into zones of control. In addition, it was decided that each power had the right to conduct war crimes trials within its zone of occupation."
The Potsdam Conference (17 July–2 August 1945) set Allied policies for defeated Germany and strategies for continuing the campaign against Japan. Truman, Churchill/Attlee, and Stalin issued the Potsdam Declaration demanding Japan's surrender; the ultimatum was ignored until atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and Japan surrendered on 14 August. At Yalta (February 1945) Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to shift Poland's borders westward, permit democratic elections in liberated countries, and establish the United Nations. Germany and Austria were divided into four occupation zones with Allied councils; Berlin and Vienna were similarly divided, and each power could hold war crimes trials in its zone.
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