Russia's defense spending has reached a record 6.3% of GDP this year amidst ongoing conflict but is failing to modernize its military effectively. This inability to innovate and procure advanced technology is severely hampered by sanctions and restricted access to critical imports. The military-industrial complex has deteriorated, impacting production capabilities and the country’s future war-fighting strategies. Consequently, Russia is attempting to replace advanced components with inferior alternatives, demonstrating a regression in military effectiveness and capability.
"This damage, in turn, affects the rate of military innovation and R&D. More importantly, it determines how the Kremlin will wage war in the future."
"Russia's ability to produce military hardware has been severely impacted, and its ability to innovate and adopt modern military technology constrained as a result of these challenges."
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