"However, the use of threads and low-level concurrency features requires developers to have in-depth knowledge of the memory model and often the inner implementations of built-in Java library classes. The actor-based concurrency model is a lot more beginner-friendly. Functional programming avoids the problems with shared mutable state by avoiding mutable state. Actor-based programming, on the other hand, retains the concept of mutable state but avoids sharing it. Akka toolkit is a very popular library which lends actor support to Java, Scala or any other JVM-based"
"In essence, the Actor Model revolves around actors, behaviour, and messages. The actor is some kind of entity or concept which fulfils a very few simple rules. It encapsulates the behaviour to react to the messages sent to it by other actors. It can also send messages, create new actors, and change its behaviour with respect to processing the next messages."
"Although it might not be obvious at first glance, the Actor Model is inherently concurrent and asynchronous. Actors do not share anything with each other and communicate only by sending messages, which are also immutable. If a subset of actors needs to share a common state, it is all done by including it as part of the message payload. Every actor has a mailbox, also known as a message buffer or queue, where messages are kept while waiting to be picked up."
The Actor Model implements concurrency through actors that encapsulate state, react to messages, send messages, create new actors, and change behavior for subsequent messages. Messages are immutable and actors never share state directly; any shared data must be passed inside message payloads. Each actor has a mailbox where incoming messages queue and a message handler that processes one message at a time on a single thread. This design yields inherent asynchronous concurrency and facilitates transparent distribution across JVMs and machines. Akka is a widely used toolkit that brings actor-based concurrency to JVM languages such as Java and Scala.
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