The International Court of Justice indicated that states not fulfilling their climate obligations may be litigated against by countries impacted by climate change. The court reinforced the importance of adhering to international climate treaties and ensuring fair emission reduction targets. According to Judge Yuji Iwasawa, compliance with the 2015 Paris Agreement is essential, and the human right to a clean environment ties directly to the broader spectrum of human rights. The advisory opinion from the ICJ acknowledges that climate change is driven by human activities and calls for leadership from historically high-emission countries.
States must cooperate to achieve concrete emission reduction targets, as national climate plans must be of the highest ambition to meet the aims of the 2015 Paris Agreement.
The human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is essential for the enjoyment of other human rights, emphasizing the interconnectedness of climate action and human rights.
Greenhouse gas emissions are unequivocally caused by human activities which are not territorially limited, necessitating a collective international response to combat climate change.
Historically, rich industrialized countries have been responsible for the most emissions and must take the lead in addressing climate change.
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