Science

Science

Even if you were unfamiliar with the concept, each day - perhaps several times a day - you might have peered anxiously through the lens of your macroscope of choice, and what you saw determined whether your day would be one marked by anxiety or relief, hope or despair.

Over the past decade, I've worked with U.S. and allied military forces across 45 countries to help develop a new kind of leader - not just more adaptive, but more imaginative. In the process, I've watched warfighters, technologists, and commanders at every level grapple with a new operational reality: one where centralized command must coexist with decentralized execution; where emerging technologies live beside legacy systems; and where speed and stability must be pursued simultaneously.

The h-index - a widely used measure of impact based on publications and citation count over time - treats all of an author's papers equally, irrespective of whether they are a first, last or middle author. A browser extension called GScholarLens now aims to change that for Google Scholar users. Launched earlier this year for the Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox browsers, the tool provides a weighted metric, called the Scholar h-index (S h-index), which accounts for a researcher's position in author lists.

Non-radiative recombination loss at the hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite interface in the narrow-bandgap (NBG) subcell constrains the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-perovskite tandem solar cells 1,2. Minimizing charge recombination at the buried interface of lead-tin (Pb-Sn) based NBG perovskite solar cells have proven particularly challenging, as conventional long-chain amine-based passivation strategies often induce carrier transport losses, thereby limiting both the fill factors (FF) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) 35. Here,

Here, we report a direct deaminative strategy through the formation of N-nitroamines, allowing the direct conversion of inert aromatic C−N bonds into an array of other functional groups, C−X (C−Br, C−Cl, C−I, C−F, C−N, C−S, C−Se, C−O) and C−C bonds. This operationally simple, general protocol establishes a unified strategy for one-pot deaminative cross-couplings by integrating deaminative functionalization with transition-metal-catalyzed arylation, thereby streamlining synthesis and late-stage functionalization.

Like all of us, I'm busy, but most days I manufacture the time to cook for my family. I braise beef ribs for hours, I let stock simmer all afternoon, I julienne vegetables till they're just right for the salad. It's slow, deliberate work. I move through the kitchen without hurry, letting things take the time they need. And when I do this, when I give a meal the patience it asks for, it shows. The flavors deepen.

"One of the great demographic surprises" of this time, Goldin writes, "has been the negative relationship between per capita income levels and fertility."

The study by researchers at Princeton University analyzed the genes of 400,000 people in the United Kingdom between the ages of 39 and 73 and 13,500 Australians, aged 18-89. They sifted through the data to find people who have never had any type of sexual experience with the same or opposite sex. This left them with a dataset of 2,068 sexless females and 1,861 sexless males. What they found is surprising.

10 times more powerful than any current ESA spacecraft," as The Register puts it.

"We behave differently when we're anxious or when we're experiencing fear, versus when we are feeling courageous. And mice do the same," explained Alexandra Klein, postdoctoral researcher at UCSF, during a lab tour, adding that there are multiple experiments conducted in the lab to analyze a mouse's behavior - all this to understand human brain functions better and potentially cure diseases. The tour even showcased a real mouse brain in a test tube.

NASA is hard at work preparing for Artemis 2, its first crewed mission to the Moon in over half a century, which is scheduled to launch in just four months. The twist? Due to the ongoing government shutdown, a NASA official confirmed to Futurism, agency staff are currently working without pay to make the launch happen - including even the astronauts who are putting their lives on the line for the historic mission, who are currently preparing for it without receiving paychecks.

Back in 2016 an article in the New York Times referred to Iceland as a mosquito-free island paradise. While nearby countries host mosquito populations during warmer times of the year, one of the going theories was that Iceland's propensity for harsh swings between thawing and freezing helped keep the bloodsuckers from getting a foothold. But that same Times piece warned that this skeeter-free status could be in peril.

Around the world, budgets for fundamental research - studies that seek primarily to advance knowledge for its own sake, without an expectation of a return on investment - are coming under pressure to an extent not seen for at least a generation. In the United States, the principal funder of fundamental research, the National Science Foundation, has this year terminated some 1,600 grants worth a total of US$1 billion, a huge chunk of its $10 billion budget.

Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Biao Yuan, Christoph Hofer, Chuang Gao, Tamazouzt Chennit & Timothy J. Pennycook Center for Electron Microscopy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China Biao Yuan & Yu Han School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China Biao Yuan & Yu Han State Key Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China Zeyu Wang, Hongsheng Shi, Xiaoyan Wu & Yi Yu

Every year, regions of the world are hit by natural disasters such as hurricanes or floods. As a result of climate change, these phenomena have not only increased in number and severity, but it has also become more difficult to predict when they might occur. Although the areas most prone to these hazards try to take proactive measures, many sources of information are not timely enough or are of limited use.

It's easy to take maps for granted. After all, most of us have a pretty good map in our pockets at all times, ready to show us how to get anywhere on the globe. But to make a map useful, you have to decide what to keep in and what to leave out-and, most importantly, which mathematical equations to use.

On Oct. 7, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced it awarded this year's prize to John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis. A major question in physics is the maximum size of a system that can demonstrate quantum mechanical effects, the committee stated in a press release. This year's Nobel Prize laureates conducted experiments with an electrical circuit in which they demonstrated both quantum mechanical tunnelling and quantised energy levels in a system big enough to be held in the hand.

Deep in a valley in the New Zealand wilderness, clear cold water rushes across moss-covered rocks. In the morning the mist rises up and lays across the valley. In the afternoon sun glints on the Pearce River, shafts of light filter through native tree canopy. It is a fecund, primeval place. The water has flowed down through tunnels in Mount Arthur, in South Island's north-west, to meet at the Pearce Resurgence at its base.

In retrospect, he's glad. "Part of my luck was that I couldn't keep up with them," he said. "They were proving theorems, but they had nothing to do with the essence of the situation." Hofstadter instead decided to test out a more down-to-earth approach. Rather than proving theorems, he was going to crunch some numbers using an HP 9820A desk calculator-a computerlike machine that weighed nearly 40 pounds and could be programmed to perform complex computations.