Roughly 20 million barrels per day of oil moved through Hormuz in 2024, equivalent to about one-fifth of global petroleum liquids consumption. When that waterway closed, oil prices spiked to $126 per barrel in what the U.S. Energy Information Administration has described as the largest supply disruption in global oil market history.
Crude costs dominate, representing roughly 51% to 52% of the U.S. retail price. When the Strait of Hormuz disrupted roughly one-fifth of global oil and LNG flows during the 2026 Iran conflict, Asian physical crude surged toward $150 per barrel while WTI held near $100.72, insulated by U.S. shale output and Canadian and Mexican imports.
Viper owns mineral and royalty interests, primarily in the Permian Basin. Royalty owners collect a percentage of production revenue from every barrel of oil, cubic foot of natural gas, and barrel of natural gas liquids produced on their acreage without bearing drilling costs or capital expenditures.
"The nuclear power technology that is most common - light water reactors - was originally invented for nuclear submarines. There has actually always been a history of basically pre-fabbing it and looking at it in a shipyard context."
The International Energy Agency (IEA) says it is the 'largest supply disruption in history'. With the disruption expected to have a lasting impact on prices, governments around the world have introduced measures to limit the impact on consumers and the economy.
"Fortunately, our relations with Russia remain good," Anwar Ibrahim, Malaysia's prime minister, told local publication Sinar Harian. "Therefore, the Petronas team can negotiate with them."
Aditya Lolla, managing director of Ember, stated: 'We have firmly entered the era of clean growth. Clean energy is now scaling fast enough to absorb rising global electricity demand, keeping fossil generation flat before its inevitable decline.'
Citi's upgrade reflects a broader geopolitical reality reshaping global energy markets. The Iran war is accelerating the flight of European and Asian buyers toward secure, long-term U.S. LNG supply contracts.
The Trump administration has teed up the entire Gulf region for a Deepwater Horizon sequel with its approval of BP's extremely risky ultra-deepwater drilling project, said Brettny Hardy, senior attorney at Earthjustice, one of the groups.
The war in the Middle East is exposing how dependent the world is on a handful of strategic chokepoints. The Strait of Hormuz a narrow waterway in the Gulf is closed. The longer this goes on, the faster the global energy map could be reshaped.
January 2026 showed just how violent this relationship can get: Henry Hub spiked to $30.72/MMBtu on January 23 - a near-tenfold surge - before collapsing to $3.13/MMBtu by February 23. Extreme winter heating demand and supply constraints drove that move - exactly what BOIL is built to capture on the upside, and what devastates holders on the way back down.
The energy minister, Chris Bowen, acknowledged fuel supplies could face further pressure but ruled out a cut to the fuel excise or rationing fuel purchasing. Bowen said he had cut fuel companies' minimum stock obligations to about 2.2bn litres of diesel and 700m litres of petrol respectively, freeing up about 500m and 300m respectively to be directed towards regional Australia.